The prediction of phase equilibria for hydrocarbon/water blends in separators, is a subject of considerable importance for chemical processes. Using these approaches, we want to achieve the enhanced process integration based on straightforward thermodynamics and practically use it for the biomass-based system. Also, by understanding the causes, locations, and magnitudes of the losses, efficiency-improvement efforts can be more focused. However, ingenuity and creativity are often required to implement the efficiency improvement. It also becomes a useful tool for engineers and scientists as well as policymakers in many fields. Thus, exergy analysis has a significant role in investigating and improving various technologies and systems' performances. Analysis based on exergy efficiency can make more sense than counting energy efficiency since it would give efficiencies close to 100%. Exergy efficiency is an important tool to evaluate system performance. Some essential engineering thermodynamics backgrounds will be explained first before discussing the exergy concept, pinch analysis, and enhanced process integration. Understanding thermodynamics concepts will help us to apply them in a targeted system to improve its efficiency. This chapter is prepared to understand basic thermodynamic concepts and adopt them in practical applications.
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